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'''Barent Gardenier''' (July 28, 1776 – January 10, 1822) was an [[United States|American]] lawyer and politician from [[New York (state)|New York]]. He was a [[United States Representative]] from 1807 to 1811.

==Biography==
Barent Gardenier was born in [[Kinderhook, New York]] on July 28, 1776.<ref>Hollace Carey Gordinier, [https://books.google.com/books?id=jSxMAAAAMAAJ&q=%22barent+gardenier%22+born+1776&dq=%22barent+gardenier%22+born+1776&hl=en&sa=X&ei=82ZAUpjIHYi89QSsgYHwAQ&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA Gardenier: Ephraim Gordinier, 1785-1860: His Ancestors and Descendants Including the First Two Generations of Gardeniers in America] (1990), p. 2.</ref> He received a liberal education, studied law at [[Litchfield Law School]]<ref>Marian C. McKenna, [https://books.google.com/books?ei=4mdAUoyWB4u49gS6x4CYBw&id=tfqwAAAAIAAJ&dq=%22barent+gardenier%22+litchfield+law+school&q=%22barent+gardenier%22#search_anchor Tapping Reeve and the Litchfield Law School] (1986), p. 190.</ref> and was admitted to the bar.<ref>Joseph Rodman Drake, Fitz-Greene Halleck, [https://books.google.com/books?id=j1s4AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA165&dq=%22barent+gardenier%22+admitted+bar&hl=en&sa=X&ei=LmhAUvG2G4zi8gTY4YHwBQ&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22barent%20gardenier%22%20admitted%20bar&f=false The Croakers] (1860), pp. 165-166.</ref> In 1801 he married Sally (Sarah) Lawrence.<ref>Jerome Bonaparte Holgate, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VUNnAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA214&dq=%22barent+gardenier%22+sarah&hl=en&sa=X&ei=J2lAUsibGZGo9gT1lYCAAQ&ved=0CEUQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=%22barent%20gardenier%22%20sarah&f=false American Genealogy: Being a History of Some of the Early Settlers of North America] (1851), p. 214.</ref><ref>Baltimore: Genealogical Pub. Co., [http://genealogytrails.com/ny/ulster/baptisms5.html Baptismal and Marriage Registers of the Old Dutch Church of Kingston, Ulster County, New York, 1660-1809] (1980), submitted to Genealogy Trails by Foxie Hagerty.</ref>

Gardenier practiced in [[Kingston, New York]] and was also editor and publisher of a Federalist newspaper, the ''New York Courier''.<ref>Thurlow Weed Barnes, [https://books.google.com/books?id=558MAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA56&dq=%22Barent+Gardenier%22+born&hl=en&sa=X&ei=X2RAUuHJHYK88ASr54G4CQ&ved=0CEIQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=%22Barent%20Gardenier%22%20born&f=false Life of Thurlow Weed Including His Autobiography and a Memoir] (1884), volume 1, p. 56.</ref> He was elected as a [[Federalist]] to the [[10th United States Congress|10th]] and [[11th United States Congress]]es, and served from March 4, 1807, to March 3, 1811.<ref>Weed, Parsons and Company, [https://books.google.com/books?id=iD1DAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA335&dq=%22Barent+Gardenier%22+Congress+1807+1811&hl=en&sa=X&ei=iGtAUvvEFoWC8gTQ5YH4Bw&ved=0CEAQ6AEwAzgK#v=onepage&q=%22Barent%20Gardenier%22%20Congress%201807%201811&f=falseCivil List and Forms of Government of the Colony and State of New York] (1879), p. 335.</ref>

He had a heated controversy with Senator [[John Armstrong, Jr.|John Armstrong]] relating to the latter's alleged authorship of the famous [[Newburgh conspiracy|Newburgh letters]], anonymous circulars in which the author (presumably Armstrong) had attempted unsuccessfully to instigate [[Continental Army]] soldiers to act against Congress at the end of the [[American Revolution]] in order to secure back pay, pensions and land grants that had been promised but were not immediately forthcoming. Armstrong denied writing the letters, but historians are of the view that Armstrong was the author. By the early 1800s Armstrong was a [[Democratic-Republican Party|Democratic-Republican]] politician and follower of [[Thomas Jefferson]], which caused the Federalist Gardenier to highlight Armstrong's supposed authorship of the Newburgh letters as a campaign issue.<ref>John C. Fredriksen, [https://books.google.com/books?id=dM_AIslBqh4C&pg=PA46&dq=%22john+armstrong%22+newburgh+conspiracy&hl=en&sa=X&ei=7G1AUpP3Co-89QTX8YCAAg&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22john%20armstrong%22%20newburgh%20conspiracy&f=false The United States Army: A Chronology, 1775 to the Present] (2010), p 46.</ref><ref>Jacob Judd, editor, [https://books.google.com/books?id=apRYAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA94&dq=%22john+armstrong%22+newburgh+conspiracy&hl=en&sa=X&ei=7G1AUpP3Co-89QTX8YCAAg&ved=0CGEQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=%22john%20armstrong%22%20newburgh%20conspiracy&f=false The Van Cortlandt Family Papers], 1976, vol. 1, p. 94.</ref><ref>Carl Edward Skeen, [https://books.google.com/books?ei=om5AUpnpAZTO9ASq3oC4CQ&id=rxJ3AAAAMAAJ&dq=%22john+armstrong%22+newburgh+gardenier&q=Gardenier#search_anchor John Armstrong, Jr., 1758-1843: A Biography] (1981), pp. 48 and 237.</ref>

In 1808 Gardenier fought a [[duel]] with [[George W. Campbell]], a congressman from [[Tennessee]], resulting from Gardenier's opposition to the [[Thomas Jefferson|Jefferson]] administration's [[Embargo Act of 1807|trade embargo]] with [[Great Britain]] and [[France]]. Campbell was angered at Gardenier's speech, and in Gardenier's view included personal insults in his rebuttal speech. Gardenier challenged Campbell, and their duel was notable as being the first to be fought on what became the [[Bladensburg Dueling Grounds]]. Gardenier was wounded, but subsequently recovered and won reelection.<ref>Richard Buel, [https://books.google.com/books?id=cqcGDHOMh9oC&pg=PA64&dq=gardenier+campbell+duel&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bm9AUtXpGom49QTxrICACg&ved=0CE4Q6AEwBDgK#v=onepage&q=gardenier%20campbell%20duel&f=false America on the Brink] (2005), p. 64-65.</ref><ref>Ryan Chamberlain, [https://books.google.com/books?id=FF1GmybMOZoC&pg=PA36&dq=gardenier+campbell+duel+bladensburg&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fnBAUoiGOIa49QTz3YD4DA&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=gardenier%20campbell%20duel%20bladensburg&f=false Pistols, Politics and the Press: Dueling in 19th Century American Journalism] (2009), p 36.</ref><ref>Harper & Brothers, [https://books.google.com/books?id=SzSV2jeAhwMC&pg=PA358&dq=gardenier+campbell+duel+first+bladensburg&hl=en&sa=X&ei=wHBAUtqgJono8gSp4IGQBA&ved=0CEcQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=gardenier%20campbell%20duel%20first%20bladensburg&f=false Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History from 458 A. D. to 1909] (1905), vol. 1, p. 358.</ref>

From 1813 to 1815, Gardenier was [[District Attorney]] of the First District which included [[New York County, New York|New York]], [[Queens County, New York|Queens]], [[Kings County, New York|Kings]], [[Suffolk County, New York|Suffolk]], [[Richmond County, New York|Richmond]] and [[Westchester County, New York|Westchester]] Counties.<ref>John Thomas Scharf, editor, [https://books.google.com/books?id=EkgVAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA653&dq=%22barent+gardenier%22+%22first+district%22+new+york&hl=en&sa=X&ei=_3JAUpHkJYKs9ATS6IG4DA&ved=0CD8Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=%22barent%20gardenier%22%20%22first%20district%22%20new%20york&f=false History of Westchester County, New York] (1925), vol. 1, part 2, p. 653.</ref>

Gardenier died in [[New York City]] on January 10, 1822.<ref>New York Newspaper Death Notice Extracts, 1801-1890 (Barber Collection), entry for Barent Gardenier, retrieved via Ancestry.com, September 23, 2013.</ref><ref>Hale Cemetery Inscriptions, 1675-1934, entry for Barent Gardenier, retrieved via Ancestry.com, September 23, 2013.</ref> He is buried at Kingston's First Reformed Church.

==Congressional record==
His speeches given in the [[Tenth United States Congress|10th]] and [[Eleventh United States Congress|11th]] congresses appear in:

* Abridgement of the Debates of Congress from 1789-1856, D. Appleton & Co. 1857, vol. 3, p.&nbsp;612.
* The Rep. from N.Y. on building gunboats, pp.&nbsp;627–629.
* inquiry into conduct of Gen. Wilkinson, 1807; vol. iv. 1808-1813, p.&nbsp;87.
* re submission to the late edicts of [[England]] & [[France]], p.&nbsp;137.
* on remunerating those who resisted the law for direct tax, p.&nbsp;139.
* on prosecutions for libel, p.&nbsp;192.
* re the call on the President ([[James Madison]], 1809) for papers, p.&nbsp;215.
* supports petition of Elizabeth Hamilton; also referenced on pp.&nbsp;48, 124, 191, and 350.

==Sources==
*https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6825516/barent-gardenier

==External links==
*[http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=G000049 Biographic sketch at U.S. Congress website]
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=E3sFAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA69 ''The New York Civil List''] compiled by Franklin Benjamin Hough (pp.&nbsp;69 and 448 [Addenda]; Weed, Parsons and Co., 1858)


[[Category:1822 deaths]]
[[Category:Foote Family Papers]]
[[Category:Members of the United States House of Representatives from New York (state)]]
[[Category:Politics]]
[[Category:Kinderhook, New York]]
[[Category:Politicians from Kingston, New York]]
[[Category:Federalists]]
[[Category:Litchfield Law School]]
[[Category:Lawyers]]
[[Category:Duelling]]